Legacy of Jim Crow
"From the 1880s into the 1960s, a majority of American states enforced segregation through "Jim Crow" laws (so called after a black character in minstrel shows). From Delaware to California, and from North Dakota to Texas, many states (and cities, too) could impose legal punishments on people for consorting with members of another race. The most common types of laws forbade intermarriage and ordered business owners and public institutions to keep their black and white clientele separated."
Excerpt from Jim Crow Laws http://www.nps.gov
Frederick Douglass ...has been called the Father of the Civil Right's Movement...
http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/douglass/
Documents: Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass gave many speeches and wrote many letters and essays between 1845 and 1894. Explore the works of this famous American. He begins with a narrative of the life of a slave, and investigates what African-Americans can do to help themselves. Douglass describes how the Constitution relates to the issue of slavery, and reflects on the meaning of the 4th of July for African-Americans. He lists reasons why African-American should enlist in the Civil War and extols the blessings of education.
- Topic: Douglass, Frederick,--1817?-1895
- Language: English
- Lexile: 650
- http://teachingamericanhistory.org
Modern History Sourcebook: Frederick Douglass: The Hypocrisy of American Slavery, July 4, 1852
A well-known African-American leader in the 19th century, Frederick Douglass had been born into slavery. He escaped in 1838 and had to flee to England to avoid being enslaved again. Quakers helped him purchase his freedom so that he could return in 1847. When invited to speak on the Fourth of July, he could not express gratitude for the blessings of national independent because that freedom didn't extend to his fellow African Americans. From the slave's point of view, the U.S. Constitution and even the Bible didn't guarantee his freedom.
- Topic: Douglass, Frederick--The hypocrisy of American slavery (1852)
- Language: English
- Lexile: 1240
- Primary Source Material http://www.fordham.edu
"I listened very attentively to this address, uttering no word during its delivery; but when it was finished, I said to the speaker and the committee, with all the emphasis I could throw into my voice and manner: "Gentlemen, with all respect, you might as well ask me to put a loaded pistol to my head and blow my brains out, as to ask me to keep out of this convention, to which I have been duly elected. Then, gentlemen, what would you gain by this exclusion? Would not the charge of cowardice, certain to be brought against you, prove more damaging than that of amalgamation? Would you not be branded all over the land as dastardly hypocrites, professing principles which you have no wish or intention of carrying out? As a mere matter of policy or expediency, you will be wise to let me in. Everybody knows that I have been duly elected as a delegate by the city of Rochester. The fact has been broadly announced and commented upon all over the country. If I am not admitted, the public will ask, 'Where is Douglass? Why is he not seen in the convention?' and you would find that enquiry more difficult to answer than any charge brought against you for favoring political or social equality; but, ignoring the question of policy altogether, and looking at it as one of right and wrong, I am bound to go into that convention; not to do so, would contradict the principle and practice of my life." With this answer, the committee retired from the car in which I was seated, and did not again approach me on the subject; but I saw plainly enough then, as well as on the morning when the Loyalist procession was to march through the streets of Philadelphia, that while I was not to be formally excluded, I was to be ignored by the Convention.
I was the ugly and deformed child of the family, and to be kept out of sight as much as possible while there was company in the house. Especially was it the purpose to offer me no inducement to be present in the ranks of the procession of its members and friends, which was to start from Independence Hall on the first morning of its meeting."
http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/douglasslife/douglass.html
Available in the NHS Library
- Frederick Douglass
Call #: 921 DOUGLASS Sterngass, Jon.
Published 2009 - Frederick Douglass : rising up from slavery
Call #: 921 DOUGLASS Ruffin, Frances E.
Published 2008 - Frederick Douglass
Call #: 921 DOUGLASS John R. McKivigan, book editor.
Published 2004 - Bury me not in a land of slaves : African-Americans in the time of Reconstruction
Call #: 973 HAN Hansen, Joyce.
Published 2000 - American Protest Literature
Call #: 303.48 AME Trodd, Zoe, Ed.
Published 2006 - Powerful words : more than 200 years if extraordinary writing by African Americans
Call #: 081 HUD Hudson, Wade.
Published 2004
Did you know...
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was created by Congress in March 1865 to assist for one year in the transition from slavery to freedom in the South. The Bureau was given "the supervision and management of all abandoned lands, and the control of all subjects relating to refugees and freedmen, under such rules and regulations as may be presented by the head of the Bureau and approved by the President."
taken from The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow - Freedman's Bureau
Learn about the Freedman's Bureau, established in 1865-1872, and operated by the War Department. This agency was created by Congress to assist for one year in the transition from slavery to freedom in the South. An interesting section links to historical documents from the Pennsylvania Freedmen's Relief Association. These documents ask to receive funds to hire teachers to educate the freedmen. General O. Howard, a Civil War hero in charge of the bureau was sympathetic to blacks. He did not see the Southern white hostility towards the freedmen.
- Topic: Freedmen
- Language: English
- URL: http://www.pbs.org
"The war of the Rebellion settled only one question: It forever settled the question of chattal slavery* in this country."
*Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Art. XIII. Sec. 1. of the Constitution.
Available in the NHS Library
- A dream deferred : the Jim Crow era
Call #: 323.1196 SHA Sharp, Anne Wallace.
Published 2005 - Booker T. Washington : black leadership in the age of Jim Crow
Call #: 921 WASHINGTON Smock, Raymond.
Published 2009 - Loyalty in time of trial : the African American experience during World War I
Call #: 940.308 MJA Mjagkij, Nina, 1961-
Published 2011
"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State in which they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws"
- African Americans in the nineteenth century : people and perspectives
Call #: 973 AFR Dixie Ray Haggard, editor; Peter C. Mancall, series editor.
Published 2010 - The 101 most influential people who never lived : how characters of fiction, myth, legends, television, and movies have shaped our society, changed...
Call #: 306.48 0973 LAZ Lazar, Allan, 1931-
Published 2006
Destiny Catalog Selected Websites
Destiny Catalog Selected Websites |
TOPIC | LANGUAGE |
URL |
---|---|---|---|
Jim Crow Laws |
|||
Remembering Jim Crow |
African Americans--Segregation | English | |
John Brown: The Abolitionist and His Legacy |
Brown, John,--1800-1859, Harpers Ferry (W. Va)--History--John Brown's Raid, 1859 | ||
Progressive Era Reform |
Social reformers, Progressivism (United States politics) | English |
http://www.regentsprep.org From this site go to Civil Rights |
Civil Rights: Voices of a Movement Sound Recordings |
Civil rights movements--History--20th century | English |
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